元音因素：
A a E e I i O o U u
单元音：[i:]、[e]、[u:]、[?]、[?:]、[i]、[a:]、[?:]、[u]、[Λ]、[?]、[?]
双元音：[e?]、[i?]、[u?]、[?i]、[?u]、[ai]、[au]、[ei]
8个元音音素及发音规则：
元音 /α:/、/?/、/?:/、/u/、/u:/、/Λ/、/?/、/?:/
1、 /α:/：嘴全开，唇成自然状，舌根部后缩，后位音、长元音，字母组合ar发这个音。
发音练习： heart arm darn farm cart fast car dark barn pass hard far star park half father master
朗读单词：/Λ/与/α:/的比较 cap carp am arm lad lard ant aunt pack park bad bard ham harm lack lark chat chart hash harsh
2、/?/ ：舌离开下齿龈口成椭形，短元音，辅音母结的的O常读此音。
发音练习： lot got job shop soft song top hot box pot lock watch cost stop clock long gone wrong bottle orange doctor coffee
朗读单词：/ae：//与/?/的比较 hat hot cat cot cap cop sack sock ran wrong
3、/?:/：比/?/开口更小，唇成圆形、突出，舌根部后缩，长元音。字母组合or、all、alk、aw常读此音。
发音练习：tall fall wall walk call yawn thought walking lawn short dawn talk storm fort morning
朗读单词：/?:/与/?/的比较 don dawn pot port cot caught spot sport not naught cod cord stock stork fox fork
4、/u/：舌尖离开下齿龈，舌后部上抬，唇较圆，短元音。 字母 u、oo、ou 常发此音。
发音练习：cook book look put good full foot would room broom push sugar woman football pudding goodbye
朗读单词：/u/与/?:/的比较 fall full talk book ball bull fought foot
5、/u:/ ：舌位同/u/，但比/u/稍低，唇较/u/更小、突出，长元音。o、oo、ou、常发此音。
发音练习：too soon rule boot fool school soup cool lose shoes goose whose shoot pool foolish
朗读单词：/u:/与/u/的比较 coot could goose good whose hood shoot should pool pull fool full
6、/Λ/ ：口腔全开，唇成自然状，短元音。
发音练习：cup bus gun hut sung duck lung luck cut stuck musk some honey money won once couple shut up cousin fun
朗读单词：/Λ/与/ae：/的比较 cap cup bag bug sack suck ban bun rag rug
7、/?/ ：口形与唇成自然状，肌肉放松，口腔半开，短元音。/?/的拼写形式多种多样。
发音练习：ago about asleep above again among mother brother doctor teacher never danger sugar order butter picture
8、/?:/ ：口腔在半开状态，唇向两边咧开，长元音。
发音练习：shirt hurt burn girl bird nurse work worm curse world dirty skirt thirsty worst person curtin serve early
朗读单词：/?:/与/?:/的比较 torn turn short shirt wall world
元音音素 /α:/、/?/、/?:/、/u/、/u:/、/Λ/、/?/、/?:/
元音符号顺口溜:
