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 栏目类别:知识点 >> 小学 >> 英语

量词

更新时间:2016/7/18 17:35:00  手机版

  量词:

  用来表示人、事物或动作的数量单位的词。

  如:a bottle / glass of,a cup of,a piece of,a pair of

  量词词组特点:

  特点一:

  英语量词词组所表示的数或量,大致可归纳为四种类型,即定量、不定量、大量和少量。

  1.表示定量的量词词组,譬如:

  a couple of(两个、一对)

  a couple of days,

  a couple of players,

  a couple of times;

  a cupful of(一满杯)

  a cupful of jelly,

  a cupful of water;

  a portion of(一份/客)

  a portion of duck,

  a portion of roast beef.

  2.表示不定量的量词词组,譬如:

  a majority of(大多数/大半)

  a majority of opinions,a majority of votes;

  an atom of(一点)

  an atom of food,an atom of truth;

  a spell of(一阵/一段时间)

  a spell of fine weather,

  a spell of coughing.

  3.表示大量的量词词组,譬如:

  a flood of—a flood of ink(洋洋大篇),

  a flood of tears(泪如泉涌);

  a heap of—a heap of earth(一堆泥土),

  a heap of customers(许多顾客);

  a mountain of—a mountain of debts(债台高筑),

  a mountain of difficulties(困难重重).

  4.表示少量的量词词组,譬如:

  a drop of—a drop of fever(有点热度),

  a drop of dew(一点露水);

  a particle of—a particle of feeling(一丝感情),

  a particle of dust(一点灰尘);

  a shadow of—a shadow of doubt(一点怀疑),

  a shadow of freedom(一点自由).

  特点二:

  有些数量词组修饰可数名词,有些数量词组修饰不可数名词,还有些则两者均可修饰。

  1.修饰不可数名词的量词词组,譬如:

  a bit of—a bit of English(一点英语),

  a bit of good advice(一些好意见),

  a bit of interest(一点兴趣),

  a shred of—a shred of evidence(一点证据),

  a shred of cloth(少量布),

  a shred of reputation(一点声誉),

  a sheet of—a sheet of glass(一块玻璃),

  a sheet of water(一片汪洋)。

  2.修饰可数名词的量词词组,譬如:

  a cluster of—a cluster of flowers(一簇花),

  a cluster of spectators(一群观众),

  a cluster of bright stars(闪烁群星),

  a string of—a string of pearls(一串珠子),

  a string of curses(连续不断的咒骂),

  a string of excuses(一连串借口),

  a scram of—a scram of mosquitoes(一群蚊子),

  a scram of geese(一群鹅),

  a scram of children(一群孩子)

  3.修饰(不)可数名词的量词词组,譬如:

  a body of—a body of bees(一群蜜蜂),

  a body of cold air(一股冷空气),

  a body of facts(许多事实),

  a block of—a block of ice(一大块冰),

  a block of flats(一幢公寓),

  a block of houses(一排房子),

  a chain of—a chain of ideas(一系列想法),

  a chain of accidents(一连串事故),a chain of proof(一连串证据)。

  特点三:有些数量词组的搭配是固定的,而有些搭配则比较灵活。

  1.搭配固定的量词词组,譬如:

  a barrel of—a barrel of beer(一桶啤酒),

  a barrel of crude oil(一桶原油),

  a basket of—a basket of eggs(一篮鸡蛋),

  a basket of apples(一篮苹果),

  a line of—a line of trees(一行树),

  a line of poetry(一行诗)。

  2.搭配较灵活的量词词组,譬如:

  a piece of—a piece of paper(一张纸),

  a piece of furniture(一件家具),

  a piece of equipment(一台设备),

  a round of—a round of spirit(一巡酒),

  a round of diplomatic talks(一轮外交谈判),

  a round of toast(一片烤面包)

  a bar of—a bar of chocolate(一块巧克力),

  a bar of soap(一条肥皂),

  a bar of light(一束光)。

  常见量词词组:

  1. 一般性的表示个数的量词:

  这一组中主要有piece, bit, item, article 等词,但piece具有独特的地位,在使用其他词的地方一般都可使用piece 代替之。比如:

  piece a piece of meat/paper/bread/music/information/furniture/machinery, etc. 一片肉/一张纸/一片面包/一首曲子/一条信息/一件家具/一台机器等

  bit a bit of news/wood/advice/trouble, etc. 一条消息/一块木头/一条建议/一件麻烦事等

  item an item of news/crime/program/business, etc. 一条新闻/一宗罪行/一个项目/一笔生意等

  article an article of export/ furniture/ clothing/ luggage, etc. 一宗出口/一件家具/一件衣服/一件行李等

  2. 以形状表示个数的量词:

  bar a bar of chocolate/candy 一块巧克力/一块糖

  bunch a bunch of flowers/grapes/ keys 一束花/一串葡萄/一串钥匙

  cake a cake of soap/ice一块肥皂/一块冰

  cluster a cluster of stars/flowers/animals一群星/一束花/一群动物

  comb a comb of bananas 一串香蕉

  drop a drop of rain/ blood 一滴雨/一滴血

  ear an ear of corn/wheat一棒玉米/一穗麦子

  flight a flight of stairs/arrows/sparrows一段楼梯/一阵箭雨/一群麻雀

  flock a flock of workmen/criminals/boys 一群工人/一伙罪犯/一群男孩

  head a head of cabbage/cauliflower/sheep 一头卷心菜/一块花菜/一头羊

  lump a lump of sugar/coal/clay一块糖/一块煤/一块土

  spiral a spiral of mosquito incense 一盘蚊香

  slice a slice of meat/bread/beef一片肉/一片面包/一块牛肉

  swarm a swarm of bees一群蜜蜂

  bevy a bevy of beauties/girls/ladies 一群美人/一群女孩/一群女士

  gathering a gathering of friends一帮朋友

  clump a clump of trees一丛树林

  pack a pack of rascals/wolves一群流氓/一群狼

  3. 表示容积的词:

  bottle a bottle of ink/milk/wine 一瓶酒/一瓶牛奶/一瓶葡萄酒

  bowl a bowl of rice/porridge 一碗米饭/一碗粥

  pail a pail of water 一桶水

  glass a glass of beer 一杯啤酒

  cup a cup of tea 一杯茶

  handful a handful of soil 一抔土

  spoonful a spoonful of oil 一汤匙油

  mouthful a mouthful of snow 一口雪

  truckload a truckload of steel 一卡车钢材

  a packet of cigarette一包烟

  4. 表示行为动态的量词:

  fit a fit of laughter 一阵笑声

  peal a peal of thunder 一阵雷声

  flash a flash of light 一道闪电

  display a display of force 一番武力展示

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