介词宾语是什么
介词宾语,就是放在介词后面的名词、名词短语、甚至宾语从句,或者一些代词。介词(preposition 简写prep.)又称作前置词,表示名词、代词等与句中其他词的关系,在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词短语中的介词宾语通常位于介词之后。但是在英语句式中,在一些情况下会出现介词宾语移位到介词前边的情况。
介词宾语怎么用
1.介词宾语的基本形式
通常可用作介词宾语的词语有名词、代词以及相当于名词或代词的其他词语。如:
Shut the door after you. 请随手关门。
The children stood round the teacher. 孩子们围着老师站着。
Knives are used for cutting things. 小刀是用来切东西的。
He was surprised at what she said. 听到她说的话,他很吃惊。
2.动名词作介词宾语
动词作作宾语通常要用动名词形式。如:
You should be careful in operating this machine. 操作这部机器时要小心。
I’m against doing anything till the police arrive. 我反对在警察到达之前采取任何行动。
Lock this door by turning the key twice to the left. 锁这扇门要把钥匙向左转两圈。
注:在个别特殊结构中,介词后可接不定式甚至过去分词宾语。其中可用不定式作宾语的介词主要限于 but, except 等极少数几个,可用过去分词作宾语的介词只限于 regard…as(认为…是), take sth for granted(认为某事属实)等个别结构。如:
He wanted nothing but to stay there. 他只想留在那儿。
It had no effect except to make him angry. 除惹他生气外,没产生任何效果。
I took it for granted that you would stay with us. 我肯定你会住在我们这里的。
3.从句作介词宾语
介词后可接从句作宾语,即所谓语的宾语从句。如:
Take no notice of what they are saying about you. 不要理会他们讲的关于你的话。
He and his wife are always fighting about who will take after the children. 他与他妻子总是在为由谁来照看孩子而吵架。
注:介词后接从句作宾语时,通常不能是that从句,也不能是没有引导词的从句。若语义上要求接that从句作宾语,通常应先在介词后接the fact作宾语,然后再在the fact后接that引导的从句(用作同位语)。如:
They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。
4.介词短语作介词宾语
英语中有少数介词可接介词短语作宾语,这部分介词主要是from, till, until, since, except, instead of 等。如:
I saw her from across the street. 我从街的对面望见了她。
Will the rain hold off until after the game? 这场雨能拖到比赛结束之后再下吗?
He never drinks except on special occasions. 除非在特别场合,他从不喝酒。