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 栏目类别:知识点 >> 高中 >> 英语

量词

更新时间:2016/7/20 12:17:00  手机版

  量词的概念:

  通常用来表示人、事物或动作的数量单位的词,叫做量词。

  例如:a bag of (rice), a piece of (news), a cup of (tea)

  量词词组的特点:

  特点一:

  英语量词词组所表示的数或量:大致可归纳为四种类型,即定量、不定量、大量和少量。

  1、表示定量的量词词组:

  如:a couple of(两个、一对)—a couple of days,a couple o fplayers,a couple of times

  a cupful of(一满杯)—a cupful of jelly,a cupful of water

  a portion of(一份/客)—a portion of duck,a portion of roastbeef

  2、表示不定量的量词词组:

  如:a majority of(大多数/大半)—a majority of opinions,a majority of votes

  an atom of(一点)—an atom of food,an atom of truth

  a spell of(一阵/一段时间)—a spell of fine weather,a spell of coughing

  3、表示大量的量词词组:

  如:a flood of—a flood of ink(洋洋大篇),a flood of tears(泪如泉涌)

  a heap of—a heap of earth(一堆泥土),a heap of customers(许多顾客)

  a mountain of—a mountain of debts(债台高筑),a mountain of difficulties(困难重重)

  4、表示少量的量词词组:

  如:a drop of—a drop of fever(有点热度),a drop of dew(一点露水)

  a particle of—a particle of feeling(一丝感情),a particle of dust(一点灰尘)

  a shadow of—a shadow of doubt(一点怀疑),a shadow of freedom(一点自由)

  特点二:

  有些数量词组修饰可数名词,有些数量词组修饰不可数名词,还有些则两者均可修饰。

  1、修饰不可数名词的量词词组:

  如:a bit of—a bit of English(一点英语),a bit of good advice(一些好意见),

  a bit of interest(一点兴趣), a shred of—a shredofevidence(一点证据)

  a shred of cloth(少量布),a shred of reputation(一点声誉)

  a sheet of—a sheet of glass(一块玻璃), a sheet of water(一片汪洋)

  2、修饰可数名词的量词词组:

  如:a cluster of—a cluster of flowers(一簇花),a cluster of spectators(一群观众),a cluster of bright stars(闪烁群星)

  a string of—a string of pearls(一串珠子),a string of curses(连续不断的咒骂),a string of excuses(一连串借口)

  a scram of—a scram of mosquitoes(一群蚊子),a scram of geese(一群鹅),a scram of children(一群孩子)

  3、修饰(不)可数名词的量词词组:

  如:a body of—a body of bees(一群蜜蜂),a body of coldair(一股冷空气),a body of facts(许多事实)

  a block of—a block of ice(一大块冰),a block of flats(一幢公寓),a block of houses(一排房子)

  a chain of—a chain of ideas(一系列想法),a chain of accidents(一连串事故),a chain of proof(一连串证据)

  特点三:

  有些数量词组的搭配是固定的,而有些搭配则比较灵活。

  1、搭配固定的量词词组:

  如:a barrel of—a barrel of beer(一桶啤酒),a barrel of crudeoil(一桶原油)

  a basket of—a basket of eggs(一篮鸡蛋),a basket of apples(一篮苹果)

  a line of—a line of trees(一行树),a line of poetry(一行诗)

  2、搭配较灵活的量词词组:

  如:a piece of—a piece of paper(一张纸),a piece of furniture(一件家具),a piece of equipment(一台设备)

  a round of—a round of spirit(一巡酒),a round of diplomatic talks(一轮外交谈判),a round of toast(一片烤面包)

  a bar of—a bar of chocolate(一块巧克力),a bar of soap(一条肥皂),a bar of light(一束光)

  一些常见的量词及搭配:

  1、一般性的表示个数的量词:

  这一组中主要有piece, bit, item, article等词,但piece具有独特的地位,在使用其他词的地方一般都可使用piece代替之。

  如:piece: a piece of meat/paper/bread/music/information/furniture/machinery, etc.一片肉/一张纸/一片面包/一首曲子/一条信息/一件家具/一台机器等

  bit: a bit of news/wood/advice/trouble, etc. 一条消息/一块木头/一条建议/一件麻烦事等

  item: an item of news/crime/program/business, etc. 一条新闻/一宗罪行/一个项目/一笔生意等

  article: an article o fexport/furniture/clothing/luggage, etc. 一宗出口/一件家具/一件衣服/一件行李等

  2、以形状表示个数的量词:

  如:bar: a bar of chocolate/candy 一块巧克力/一块糖

  bunch: a bunch of flowers/grapes/keys 一束花/一串葡萄/一串钥匙

  cake: a cake of soap/ice 一块肥皂/一块冰

  cluster: a cluster of stars/flowers/animals 一群星/一束花/一群动物

  comb: a comb of bananas 一串香蕉

  drop: a drop of rain/blood 一滴雨/一滴血

  ear: an ear of corn/wheat 一棒玉米/一穗麦子

  flight: a flight of stairs/arrows/sparrows 一段楼梯/一阵箭雨/一群麻雀

  flock: a flock of workmen/criminals/boys 一群工人/一伙罪犯/一群男孩

  head: a head of cabbage/cauliflower/sheep 一头卷心菜/一块花菜/一头羊

  lump: a lump of sugar/coal/clay一块糖/一块煤/一块土

  spiral: a spiral of mosquito incense 一盘蚊香

  slice: a slice of meat/bread/beef 一片肉/一片面包/一块牛肉

  swarm: a swarm of bees 一群蜜蜂

  bevy: a bevy of beauties/girls/ladies 一群美人/一群女孩/一群女士

  gathering: a gathering of friends 一帮朋友

  clump: a clump of trees 一丛树林

  pack: a pack of rascals/wolves 一群流氓/一群狼

  3、表示容积的词:

  如:bottle: a bottle of ink/milk/wine 一瓶酒/一瓶牛奶/一瓶葡萄酒

  bowl: a bowl of rice/porridge 一碗米饭/一碗粥

  pail: a pail of water 一桶水

  glass: a glass of beer 一杯啤酒

  cup: a cup of tea 一杯茶

  handful: a handful of soil 一抔土

  spoonful: a spoonful of oil 一汤匙油

  mouthful: a mouthful of snow 一口雪

  truckload: a truckload of steel 一卡车钢材

  packet: a packet of cigarette 一包烟

  4、表示行为动态的量词:

  如:fit: a fit of laughter 一阵笑声

  peal: a peal of thunder 一阵雷声

  flash: a flash of light 一道闪电

  display: a display of force 一番武力展示

  还有:①a drove of horses(一群马)

  ②a flock of goats(一群山羊)

  ③a herd of elephants(一群大象)

  ④a pack of wolves(一群狼)

  ⑤a pride of lion(一群狮子)

  ⑥a skulk of foxes(一群狐狸)

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